include/opt: Make return values of opt_get() more helpful

include/opt: Make return values of opt_get() more helpful

The function `opt_get()` returns 0 when an option is valid but was
not set. This makes it impossible to distinguish if the value of
the option is the empty string or it does not have a value at all.
Further, it does not return an error if an invalid option's value
was requested.

This commit fixes the behavior of `opt_get()` so that it returns 0
if an option is valid and has a value (default or user-defined), 1
in case that the option name is invalid, and 2 in case that the
option name is valid but it does not have a value.